评“斯特林制冷机的性能分析”

指出“斯特林制冷机的性能分析”一文中的错误，并做了较详细的分析和评论。     

Development of low-noise centrifugal fans for a refrigerator using inclined S-shaped trailing edge

Low-noise centrifugal fans are developed by modifying the linear trailing edge lines of the fan blades into inclined S-shaped lines. The noise reductions achieved by using the inclined S-shaped trailing edges in the existing fans are confirmed by comparing the predicted BPF noise components of the developed fans with those of the existing fan. In addition, the turbulent kinetic energy of the fluid for the inclined S-shaped fans is predicted to be less than that for the existing fan. Finally, experiments using four prototype fans show that the levels of broadband noise from the newly developed fans are less than those of noise from existing fans. An additional experiment performed by using a selected low-noise fan installed in a household refrigerator show that the overall noise from the new fan is reduced by approximately 2.2 dB in comparison with that from the existing fan in the refrigerator.     

Deep drawing of tungsten plates for structural divertor applications in future fusion devices

The reference design of a helium cooled divertor for future fusion reactors makes use of hundreds of thousands of finger units consisting of a pressurized structural part called a thimble. Due to the high number of parts needed, the thimble has to be fabricated by mass production techniques like deep drawing. As the thimble is a pressurized part exposed to an internal pressure of 100 bar, the demands for the material are high, which means that it requires the best available tungsten material. Former work has shown that pure tungsten material has the best impact properties and has to be preferred over other commercially available tungsten materials, such as that doped with potassium or strengthened with oxides like lanthanum oxide.Furthermore the inherent weakness of the grain boundaries has to be taken into account, which requires the need for grains that are aligned to the contour of the part (grain boundary alignment).This paper describes the successful deep drawing of a 1 mm tungsten plate in high vacuum at 600 °C. In doing this, a thimble can be machined with grains that follow the contour. Furthermore the characterization of a 1 mm tungsten plate is conducted by tensile tests at room temperature and at 600 °C, as well as by Charpy tests taking into account the anisotropic material behaviour.     

Model development and simulation of transient behavior of helium turbine system

This paper describes a performance model for the transient analysis of helium turbine system. Governing equations have been derived from integral forms of unsteady basic conservation equations. The one-dimensional model is employed for flow-paths except turbine and compressor, which are considered as zero-dimensional components and volume-less treatment is employed. Component mathematical model results in a set of ordinary differential equations and algebraic equations. The simulation code is established on MATLAB, and the ordinary differential equations are solved a variable order solver of MATLAB, ode15s. The accidents of loss of load and loss of feedwater to precooler and intercooler, the transients of recuperator and the decreasing heat transfer capacity of intermediate heat exchanger are simulated respectively. The analysis of calculated results verifies the present model. The effects of bypass valve size and thermal inertia of the recuperator wall are also studied. The simulation results show that throttle size of bypass valve has important influence on the characteristics of turbine system and should be carefully selected to satisfy the requirement of system control and safety.     

冰箱内胆冲孔切边模设计

分析了冰箱内胆安装孔的特点与制作工艺,介绍了冰箱内胆冲孔切边模的结构和设计要点,采用模块化设计,缩短了模具设计时间,提高了设计质量。实践验证:模具结构设计合理,工作平稳、可靠。     

双声源驱动热声制冷机特征时间的熵产分析

在有限时间热力学理论的基础上,对双声源驱动热声制冷机的回热器声场进行分析,以特征时间为特征参数来表征热声系统的换能效应,寻求特征时间与回热器熵产之间的最优关系以及其他因素对熵产率的影响. 结果表明:熵产率随着特征时间的减少,到达一个极小点后再平缓增大,通过调节阻抗比,寻求到一个最佳阻抗比值所对应的最小熵产率, 存在一个最优特征时间使得系统的不可逆熵产最小,此时不可逆能量损失最小,有效的提高了双声源驱动热声制冷机效率,有利于双声源驱动系统运行.     

浅谈溴化锂制冷机运行的问题及解决方法

阐述了马钢焦化公司从1991年引进溴化锂吸收式制冷机以来在运行中存在的问题、解决的办法及日常维护管理要点。指出了运行管理的重要性。     

The Use and Performance of Household Refrigerators: A Review

The domestic refrigerator is now a common household device with very few households in the developed world not possessing 1, or more, for the storage of chilled foods. Domestic storage is the last, and in many respects the most important, link in the food chill chain. Inadequate domestic refrigeration or cooling is frequently cited as a factor in incidents of food poisoning. The authors reviewed the temperature performance of refrigerators in 2008. This new review builds on that review, covering studies that have been published since (and those that were unfortunately missed in the first review), and also seeks to put this important stage of the food cold chain in its context. It is clear from the published data that many refrigerators throughout the world are running at higher than recommended temperatures. It is also clear that, despite improvements in energy use, the temperature performance and use of refrigerators have not changed significantly in the last 40 or so years. Many householders still remain unaware of the recommended refrigeration temperature range, how to ensure that the correct refrigeration temperature range is achieved, the importance of monitoring that it is being maintained, and the potential hazards of temperature abuse.     

巴氏杀菌乳门店冰箱冷藏贮存售卖期间的温度及品质变化

为了研究巴氏杀菌乳在门店冰箱贮存售卖期间的温度和品质变化特点;通过对玻璃瓶装巴氏杀菌乳在冷藏贮存售卖冰箱温度波动变化的情况下,实测获取冰箱箱体温度和时间参数,以不开启售卖同条件的冷藏贮存冰箱为对照,考察过程中的微生物指标、理化指标和感官品质变化情况。研究表明,在1~5 d时间内,不同贮存条件下,样品的蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖、非脂乳固体、酸度几乎不变,感官品质不变差异不明显,大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌及沙门氏菌未检出,而菌落总数增长速度试验组冰箱明显快于对照组冰箱,存在统计学显著性差异(p0.05),但两组都符合国家标准。说明样品在冰箱冷藏贮存售卖期间温度的波动,对产品品质会造成影响,低的贮存温度及相对短的贮存时间有利于巴氏杀菌乳优良品质的保持。建议玻璃瓶装巴氏杀菌乳在售卖贮存过程,要控制温度波动,保证在保质期内冷藏贮存产品超6℃累积时间不超过7 h,温度在8℃以下,贮存环境箱体累积超过6℃不超过9 h,温度在9℃以下。     

Process Modeling and Dynamic Simulation for EAST Helium Refrigerator

In this paper,the process modeling and dynamic simulation for the EAST helium refrigerator has been completed.The cryogenic process model is described and the main components are customized in detail.The process model is controlled by the PLC simulator,and the realtime communication between the process model and the controllers is achieved by a customized interface.Validation of the process model has been confirmed based on EAST experimental data during the cool down process of 300-80 K.Simulation results indicate that this process simulator is able to reproduce dynamic behaviors of the EAST helium refrigerator very well for the operation of long pulsed plasma discharge.The cryogenic process simulator based on control architecture is available for operation optimization and control design of EAST cryogenic systems to cope with the long pulsed heat loads in the future.